Patell and Waterman's History of New York

Knickerbocker Published

2009-12-06T17:27:51Z

THIS DAY IN NEW YORK HISTORY

Two hundred years ago today, a volume went on sale with the following title:

A History of New-York, from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty; Containing, among Many Surprising and Curious Matters, the Unutterable Ponderings of Walter the Doubter, the Disastrous Projects of William the Testy, and the Chivalric Achievements of Peter the Headstrong -- The Three Dutch Governors of New Amsterdam: Being the Only Authentic History of the Times that Ever Hath Been or Ever Will Be Published.

The volume, ostensibly by one Diedrich Knickerbocker, whose supposed disappearance had been publicized in the pages of the Evening Post, was in fact the work of a young lawyer-turned-writer named Washington Irving. The book was well reviewed on both sides of the Atlantic and made Irving a literary star.

And the rest, as they say, is history.

[The image above did not accompany the original edition, but was commissioned for the new edition of 1849.]

Previously.

One way we know the holiday season has officially begun ...

2009-12-05T19:54:10Z

Scenes for a Cultural History #1

2009-12-03T20:53:48Z

I wrote last month about a possible model for Bryan's and my cultural history of New York City, drawing inspiration from the recently published volume A New Literary History of America, edited by Greil Marcus and Werner Sollors (Harvard UP). That volume presents its subject as a collection of some 220 "snapshots," each 2,500 words long. Bryan and I have been talking seriously about doing our cultural history of New York as a set of fifty scenes, each presented in an essay of (surprise, surprise) 2,500 words.

Thinking about Bryan's last post, it strikes me that one such scene might be this:

"Christmas Eve 1822, Chelsea, New York. Clement C. Moore reads his new poem, 'Twas The Night Before Christmas, to his family."

The story may well be apocrophyal, but it goes like this: Moore was returning home from Greenwich Village, where he had bought a turkey for his family's Christmas dinner, and passed the time by writing the poem for the amusement of his children, to whom he read it after dinner. The poem was published the following year without Moore's knowledge; he published under his own name, finally, in 1844.

I imagine that an essay on this scene would draw not only on Nissenbaum's book, which Bryan so ably described, but also on Elizabeth Bradley's Knickerbocker: The Myth behind New York (Rutgers University Press) and Elisabeth Paling Funk's essay "From Amsterdam to New Amsterdam: Washington Irving, the Dutch St. Nicholas, and the American Santa Claus," which can be found in the anthology Explorers, Fortunes and Love Letters: A Window on New Netherland. We'd be able to explore the fascination with New Amsterdam in the wake of Irving's 1809 History (which would no doubt get its own essay) and also Moore's own family history, which is rooted not in Dutch but in British New York.

The essay would also give us the opportunity to evoke the Greenwich Village and Chelsea "scenes" circa 1822, which might well prove to be touchstones throughout the volume.

I note in passing that there is no entry devoted to "Moore, Clement Clarke" in Burrows and Wallace's Gotham: A History of New York to 1898. Add that to the list of reasons that Bryan and I need to write our cultural history.

A little history with your holidays

2009-12-01T11:00:40Z

We're pleased to join with a group of other NYC blogs in a collaboratively produced 2009 holiday guide. See the bottom of this entry for links to participating sites.

How about putting a little history in your holiday basket? Stephen Nissenbaum's The Battle for Christmas is a perennial favorite around these parts.

Nissenbaum, in a highly entertaining narrative, shows not only that the American version of the holiday has been commercial from the start (the Macy's Thanksgiving Parade was a late arrival on that front), but also that it's what you'd call an "invented tradition." All the bits about Dutch origins were part of an effort among nineteenth-century New York gentry -- the self-anointed Knickerbocker set -- to create a colonial cultural heritage for themselves by establishing the social preeminence of their Dutch lineage, real or imagined. A byproduct: Santa Claus was able to sidestep an earlier Puritan bias against celebrating Christmas in the American colonies. Cyrus has summarized Nissenbaum's argument here before, but Santa Claus was smuggled into New York by the group of patricians also responsible for the New-York Historical Society (especially John PIntard) and writer-friends such as Washington Irving and Clement Clarke Moore.

Irving doesn't need so much introduction, but many readers may not have heard of Moore, or if they have they know him only for his poem "A Visit from St. Nicolas," more familiarly known by its first line: "Twas the night before Christmas." But Moore left his imprint all over the city, especially in Chelsea, the neighborhood named after his family estate. (His father was both the president of Columbia College and New York's Protestant Episcopal Bishop; his grandfather, a British officer, had purchased farmland in Chelsea in the 1750s, but the Moores had owned land in Queens since the 1650s.) After graduating Columbia as valedictorian in 1798, Moore dabbled in belles lettres and anti-Jeffersonian pamphleteering, compiled a two-volume English-Hebrew lexicon, and donated the land for the General Theological Seminary, where he was a professor of classical languages for three decades. (The seminary still stands, filling the entire block from Ninth to Tenth Avenues between West 20th and 21st Streets.)

Nissenbaum's The Battle for Christmas is especially good on making Moore's famous "A Visit from St. Nicolas," written in 1822, come alive in new ways. Ever wonder why the poem's narrator was so quick to spring from his bed to see what was the matter (rhymes with "clatter")? He probably thought a house-break was in progress. Christmas in early nineteenth-century New York, Nissenbaum suggests, had started to take on some of the elements of English seasonal misrule. But what had traditionally served as an escape valve -- allowing laborers to let off some steam but ultimately keeping social order in check -- was turning increasingly violent as a new industrial order demanded more of workers without giving much back. The mobs of working-class carolers who had traditionally demanded that rich folk bring them some figgy pudding -- insisting that they wouldn't leave until they get some -- were evolving into "Callithumpian bands" parading in the street making noise and committing acts of petty larceny. (One contemporary described these roving bands as made up of "Negroes, servants, boys, and other disorderly persons.")

I won't give much more away, but Nissenbaum argues that the significance of Moore's poem was to silence a little of that seasonal clatter, tame it to protect polite audiences. Santa Claus is a housebreaker, sure, but he's bringing gifts for the kiddies. The "patron-client exchange" that had defined seasonal misrule ("We won't go until we get some!") shifted to a parent-child exchange that made Christmas a domestic holiday rivaled only by the invented tradition of American Thanksgiving, taking shape around the same time. Moore's poem helped make Christmas "a practical simple ritual that almost any household could perform." The upshot: we have nineteenth-century New Yorkers, not seventeenth-century New Amsterdammers or their Old World parents, to thank for the cult of St. Nick and for Christmas trees. (Speaking of Christmas trees ...)

How to thank Mr. Moore? You might, like Cyrus's family, make his poem part of your own holiday ritual. (He recommends the pop-up edition by Robert Sabuda.) Or try one of these annual Moore Advent events:

Chelsea Community Church (346 W. 20th St.) holds an annual candlelight service and reading of Moore's poem. This year's event happens on December 13 at 6 pm. According to the NYC Parks & Rec website, at the nearby Clement Clarke Moore Park (W 22nd St. at 10th Ave.), neighborhood folk gather on the Sunday before Christmas for a reading of his poem. A similar event takes place uptown, in Washington Heights, at the Church of the Intercession (155th St. and Broadway), where people gather for carols, a reading of Moore's poem, and a candlelight march to Moore's grave site, in the Trinity Cemetery on 155th Street. This celebration has apparently been going on since 1911; this year it takes place December 20 at 4 pm.

A few other historically oriented seasonal suggestions:

If you'd like to seek out a patrician New York Christmas that predates Moore's poem (and hence is decidedly not Santa-centered), check the seasonal calendar for the eighteenth-century Van Cortlandt House Museum in the Bronx.

Jewish historians of Christmas, Episcopalian compilers of Hebrew lexicons, and Tin Pan Alley's Jewish Christmas Broadway musicals notwithstanding, maybe Christmas just isn't your thing? Then you probably already know the traditional alternative for December 25 is dim sum. We're not exactly sure when this practice started, but the big decision, these days, is whether to go with Jing Fong or Golden Unicorn. When you're finished eating, work off some calories on Big Onion's 19th Annual Dec. 25 walking tour of the old Jewish Lower East Side.

George Balanchine's Nutcracker has been a tradition in New York City since 1954. The very thought may make you yawn. If so, did you know that Uptown Dance Academy has been performing Black Nutcracker since 1995? Catch it at the Apollo Theater on December 22nd; proceeds go toward a new studio for the kids.

If you'd like to revive a non-commercial historic NYC holiday tradition, try "calling on" (visiting) as many friends as possible on New Year's Day. You'll need to bring the equivalent of a photographic calling card to leave behind. I suppose you could do something like this on Facebook, but we're fans of the slow media version that requires actual travel from house to house. We wrote about it last holiday season, as did our friend Esther at Ephemeral New York.

A final suggestion for those who'd prefer to bring a little misrule back to your yule: you might consider joining in the annual Parade of Santas in Santacon NYC 2009, on December 12. Be warned: though some participants will be decked out in period costumes, you may also encounter pub crawlers with puke in their beards. (Putting the ho back in ho! ho! ho! since 1994. A little Santacon history here.) We suggest it in the spirit of the nineteenth-century Callithumpian bands, mentioned above.

Discover lots more in the 2009 "NYC Bloggers Do the Holidays" Guide:

Brooklyn Based: Home for the Holidays
Give and Get: Tis The Season to Volunteer
the improvised life: unwrapping the holidays
Manhattan User's Guide: The Gift Guide
Mommy Poppins: Offbeat and Multicultural Family Holiday Events
NY Barfly: It's the Holidays, Time to Drink
NewYorkology: Big-ticket holiday shows: Nutcracker, Rockettes, Wintuk
offManhattan: Ten Holiday Getaways Near NYC
the skint: 30 days of skintmas - a cheap (or free!) holidays-in-nyc-treat for every day of the season
The Strong Buzz: Holiday Eats Old and New
WFMU's Beware of the Blog: Happy Freakin' Holidays Playlist
Walking Off the Big Apple: The Thin Man Walk: A New York Holiday Adventure with Nick and Nora Charles

If you write a NYC-oriented blog and would like to contribute to a future group post, please let us know!

Holidays upon us

2009-11-30T13:58:02Z

I'll spend most of today making my way back to New York -- back over the river and through the woods, if you will -- but I wanted to alert readers to mark your calendars for tomorrow: we'll be offering up some history-oriented holiday suggestions as part of a multi-blog city guide to the season. We'll include links to the several other fine websites participating. See you then!

photo from framingham.edu's archive of a 2007 alumni trip to the city.

Knickerbocker To Be Published

2009-11-29T01:23:07Z

THIS DAY IN NEW YORK HISTORY

Two hundred years ago today, the following notice appeared in the Evening Post:

LITERARY NOTICE.

INSKEEP and BRADFORD have in the press, and will shortly publish,

A History of New York,

In two volumes, duodecimo. Price three dollars.

Containing an account of its discovery and settlement, with its internal policies, manners, customs, wars, &c. &c., under the Dutch government, furnishing many curious and interesting particulars never before published, and which are gathered from various manuscript and other authenticated sources, the whole being interspersed with philosophical speculations and moral precepts.

This work was found in the chamber of Mr. Diedrich Knickerbocker, the old gentleman whose sudden and mysterious disappearance has been noticed. It is published in order to discharge certain debts he has left behind.

Previously.

Macy's First Parade

2009-11-27T18:13:49Z

THIS DAY IN NEW YORK HISTORY

Eighty-five years ago today, which happened to be a Thursday and therefore Thanksgiving, Macy's held its first parade. As the ad on the right indicates, it wasn't called the "Thanksgiving Day Parade"; it was, instead, the "Big Christmas Parade, Welcoming Santa Claus to New York!" The parade route started at Convent Avenue and 145th Street, proceeded down 110th Street to Eighth Avenue, where it turned downtown, finally reaching Macy's front door at Broadway and 34th Street.

According to the official Macy's site, the parade was "conceived by Macy's employees, many of whom were European immigrants, [as] a celebration of the Christmas season rooted in the traditional festivals of their homelands." Instead of the gigantic balloons for which the parade is now famous, there were live animals borrowed from the Central Park Zoo, as well as floats, marching bands, and professional entertainers. According to the Manhattan User's Guide, "The giraffe had to stay home because it wouldn't fit under the elevated tracks."

The next day the New York Times reported that "beautiful floats showed the Old Lady Who Lived in a Shoe, Little Miss Muffet and Red Riding Hood. There also were bears. elephants, donkeys and bands, making the procession resemble a circus parade." Santa brought up the rear, as he has every year since: "Santa came in state. The float upon
which he rode was In the form of a sled driven by reindeer over a mountain of ice. Preceding him were men dressed like the knights of old, their spears shining In the sunlight." Some three hours after the parade began, Santa made his way up to the marquis above the 34th Street entrance, where he was crowned "King of the Kiddies." The Times' account concludes by telling us that "when Santa seated himself on the throne he sounded his trumpet, which
was the signal for the unveiling of the store's Christmas window, showing "The Fairy Frolics of Wondertown," designed and executed by Tony Sarg. The police lines gave way and with a rush the enormous crowd flocked to the windows to see Mother Goose characters as marionettes."

Sarg would go on to design the first balloons used in the parade -- Felix the Cat, a dragon, an elephant, and a toy soldier -- which replaced the troublesome live animals. These first balloons were helium-filled and exploded shortly after being released (the designers having forgotten that helium expands as it rises). The following year, Macy's experimented with a helium-air mixture and safety valves that allowed them to float for a few days. Macy's address was sewn into the balloons, and anyone who returned a fallen balloon to the store would receive a special reward.

The rest, as they say, is history.

[The Macy's parade site has a timeline and some film footage of the first parade.]

Thanksgiving linkage + Underdog!

2009-11-25T15:18:07Z

This afternoon I'll be heading to Philadelphia's Reading Terminal Market to pick up oysters for tomorrow's dinner, per tradition. I'd thought about making the oyster leek soup featured in NYMag this year, but have decided that, well, we'd rather just eat the oysters.

If you're hankering for historical holiday reading, check out the posts tagged "Thanksgiving" at The Bowery Boys (where I nabbed the Underdog photo, above), Ephemeral New York, and Forgotten NY.

At Virtual Dime Museum I found this Thanksgiving Dinner menu from the Park Avenue Hotel, dated 1900:

The BBs' post on Underdog mentioned an old Thanksgiving special I'd forgotten about. For your holiday viewing pleasure, all four parts:

Under the Gaslight

2009-11-24T15:02:08Z

Here are three reasons New York history buffs should be rejoicing that Metropolitan Playhouse is reviving Augustin Daly's sensational melodrama Under the Gaslight (1867):

1. It's the play that defined "sensation" for the New York stage. The debut run, at the Worrell Sisters' New York Theatre, Broadway at Waverly Place, saw 47 performances. The signal moment -- the original train-tracks rescue -- originally aimed for extraordinary realism. In "sensation plays" from the Victorian era, audiences hoped to be transfixed by a single, sublime moment on stage: a fire scene, a shipwreck, a volcano erupting. I'm eager to see how this defining element of the genre translates into the Metropolitan's much more intimate space. I doubt we'll see a train rush by; I'm hoping to be caught up in the moment nonetheless.

Plus a train-tracks bonus: in this protoype for the melodramatic rescue scene, it's a worthy, lower-class man tied to the tracks, only to be rescued by our heroine, who appears lower-class but is really of aristocratic blood. And virtuous! (Probably because she thinks she's low-born.)

2. It's a great "City on Stage" play, one I write about in my chapter in our Cambridge Companion (forthcoming next spring, as we've reminded our readers repeatedly). Daly was a major figure in 19c New York theater (and eventually in London) -- both as a playwright and as a manager. Gaslight offers a terrific look at class-issues in the years just following the Civil War. Its settings include Delmonico's and country estates on Long Island, and though it never questions the equation of money and virtue -- the truly virtuous are those most deserving of wealth -- it does seem to target the brutality of the upper classes, suggesting that not everyone born into wealth deserves it. Upper-class society is compared, by one character, to a pack of Siberian wolves. It's kind of Gossip Girl for the nineteenth-century stage; the heroine would be the equivalent of Dan Humphrey in drag. That is, the play both revels in the lavish life of the upper-classes and offers a set of qualified critiques.

3. Fans of Theodore Dreiser's Sister Carrie (1900) will remember that the heroine got her start on stage in a community production of this play, out in the mid-western hinterlands of Chicago. The narrator refers to it as "Augustin Daly's famous production, which had worn from a great public success down to an amateur theatrical favourite, with many of the troublesome accessories cut out and the dramatis personae reduced to the smallest possible number." The Metropolitan's version, then, may be more akin to the regional production Carrie starred in than to Daly's original (with all the "accessories"), but I'm confident the crew the Metropolitan has assembled, including Amanda Jones (who sparkled in The Contrast), will outstrip a late-nineteenth-century Chicago Elk's Lodge by miles.

The play is in previews at the Metropolitan through the end of this week; opening night's the 28th. It runs through December 10. Cyrus and I (and our colleague Tom Augst) have tickets for Sunday afternoon, Dec. 6, if you'd like to join us. I'll be sure to report back, though by that point only a few performances will remain.

Rowdy was the night

2009-11-23T17:37:22Z

Glad I made it out to Bowery Ballroom last night to see the last show of the Dirty Projectors' four-night NYC stand. (Thanks again to those who conspired to get me in.)

I saw the show with my brother, who'd been to the previous night's show at Music Hall as well. Together we'd seen Dave Longstreth play solo (as Dirty Projectors) back in 2003 or 2004, maybe earlier, when he was still working out the songs for The Getty Address. In those pre-Amber, pre-Angel, pre-Haley days it was just Dave, a cassette deck, and a laptop, if I remember right, but you kind of had an idea of how big -- operatic, even -- the stuff was that was going on inside his head. I don't think I could have predicted that 5 or 6 years later NYMag would feature him as the centerpiece of the Brooklyn indie renaissance.

Full recap of the show at BV (where I nabbed the pictures above and below, too). Highlights, though: if night 3 of the hometown shows had been a Quaker Meeting, as Dave put it, all enlightenment and joy, night 4 turned out to be a dance party. Tune-Yards, opening, had the crowd in the palm of her hand with a set that helped clarify DP's own African influences. Then the Projectors by turns rocked out -- like choir kids doing Max Tundra tunes without the use of computers -- and took some acoustic detours, including a number w/ just Dave and Angel that made me wish they'd gone on to play "Edelweiss." Near the end of the set, The Roots made a guest appearance, folding the place inside out as they backed Amber's solo vocals. ?uestlove was sporting a killer Cosby kids T-shirt. When they finished he tossed his sticks into the crowd.

Finally, for the second encore number, David Byrne, who through the whole show had been standing with Cindy Sherman against the wall near the front, like a humble presiding spirit, popped out from the wings to join in on "Knotty Pine," their great Dark Was The Night collaboration. It's a tricky song (aren't they all?) and it seemed like a while since it had been rehearsed, which lent to the fun. Earlier I'd said to Nathan that DP seems to me to be the Talking Heads of his generation. Watching Byrne and Longstreth play off each other only seemed to confirm it.

Afterwards, through scenester cache not my own, we ended up in the green room for a post-show toast. Some kids from SNL were there, and my brother pointed out Michael Azerrad across the room. Years ago I gave my brother MA's book for Christmas, so we shared a little sentimental fraternal moment over that. The first time I'd been in Bowery's green room, coincidentally, Cindy Sherman had been introducing the act I was performing with. Crammed together into the room's doorway, I told her so; she remembered the night, though surely not me in particular. (I was buried deep in the rhythm section, safely behind the star power.) And can I just conclude with an early New Year's resolution? If I'm ever standing awkwardly in the same hallway with David Byrne again, I won't chicken out from the chance to introduce myself properly. I kicked myself all the way home.

Previously.

Friday Upper- and Outer-borough Blogging

2009-11-20T05:04:50Z

If you've been digging Alex's downtown then-and-now photos, check out these archival images from Harlem -- paired with what's (not) there now. [Harlem Bespoke]

Parks Department calls for volunteers on Saturday to clean up and help preserve the old New York State Pavilion in Queens. Meanwhile, Queens Crap readers raise their eyebrows. [HDC Newsstand; Queens Crap]

Or you can spend the weekend on one or more Brooklyn gallery tours. [Bed-Stuy Blog]

Brooklyn bonus from Brooks! "FYI, there is still room for a few more on the Nov. 29, Thanksgiving weekend walking tour of Carroll Gardens West/Columbia Heights Waterfront District. Please let me know if you'd like to join us." [Lost New York]

Or you can get ready for Thanksgiving by giving thanks with "Native American Circle" on the Harlem River. [Bronx Mama]

And plan ahead for a post-Thanksgiving tour of historic Richmond Town with the Staten Island Historical Society [NYC Arts]

Photo of the old Corn Exchange Building from Harlem Bespoke: "This was the section that was largely visible from the Metro North platform for the last 100 years until the city demolished it in the past six weeks."

Jazz Loft Project

2009-11-18T16:46:06Z

Have you been listening to the Jazz Loft Project radio series airing this week on WNYC? If not, it's not too late to catch up. Episode Three's coming this afternoon. The whole thing is highly recommended.

Here's an overview from the station's site:

"Photographer W. Eugene Smith moved into a loft at 821 Sixth Avenue, in the heart of New York's Flower District, in 1957. The place had already become a hangout for artists, writers and especially jazz musicians, who rehearsed and jammed there. Among the visitors to the loft: Thelonious Monk, Zoot Sims, Bill Evans, Steve Swallow, Mose Allison, Bob Brookmeyer and hundreds more, over a period of about 8 years." (Read more here.)

Smith eventually recorded over 4,000 hours of life in the Jazz loft, from jam sessions to conversations to what happened to be playing on the radio or television. The tapes are an audio supplement to the 40,000 photos he took during the same period -- or vice versa: maybe the photos supplement the audio tapes.

Either way, the series makes for a fascinating slice of New York's arts scenes in the late 50s and early 60s. Sam Stephenson of Duke University's Center for Documentary Studies discovered the tapes in an Arizona archive in the late 90s. No one had listened to them in the 20 years they'd been housed there. In addition to producing this radio series with WNYC's Sara Fishko, Stephenson's also written a book that's due out next week, and the Lincoln Center Library for the Performing Arts will host an exhibition of Smith's photography.

Start listening here. Much more, including a blog, at the project's home page.

Pop-ups and take-downs on Eldridge Street

2009-11-16T21:28:55Z

Thanks to Bowery Boogie for posting this today. It's the life cycle of a single block on Eldridge, between Rivington and Stanton:

See a slower version here, which will also allow you to progress one year at a time or to click on individual buildings for more info. The artist, a Seattle-based web designer and writer named Zac van Schouwen, explains the project's origins:

Awhile back, I was trying to find out the history of a building that my great-great-grandfather had lived in -- an old five-story tenement on Eldridge Street in Manhattan. With some help from Christopher Gray's guide to researching New York City buildings, I discovered that the building had been erected in 1834, on the site of an old house. It was demolished in the 1940s; its lot later held a garage, then a housing project.

My mystery was solved, but the project had piqued my interest anyway. I decided to try a more mammoth task, compiling a complete record of the life cycle of a single city block. That's what I've presented here. Beginning in the 1780s with James Delancey's farm, and ending with the present public housing structures, erected in 1985, this is a record of eight generations of buildings on two-thirds of an acre. (There is a brief gap from about 1802 to 1808, during which I've made educated guesses as to the state of construction.)

Clicking on any building here will give you more details about its history. The tenement that sparked this interest, #218, is a good place to start. My great-great-grandfather lived there in 1860. Keep an eye on it in 1922. Enjoy!

My favorite part is the fire-escapes that pop up in the early twentieth century. 1978 is the saddest year of all.

Knickerbocker Missing (III)

2009-11-16T05:01:00Z

THIS DAY IN NEW YORK HISTORY

Two hundred years ago today, the following letter appeared in the Evening Post:

To the Editor of the "Evening Post."

SIR,--You have been good enough to publish in your paper a paragraph about Mr. Diedrich Knickerbocker, who was missing so strangely some time since. Nothing satisfactory has been heard of the old gentleman since; but a very curious kind of a written book has been found in his room, in his own handwriting. Now, I wish you to notice him, if he is still alive, that if he does not return and pay off his bill for boarding and lodging, I shall have to dispose of his book to satisfy me for the same.

I am, Sir, your humble servant,

SETH HANDASIDE,

Landlord of the Independent Columbian Hotel,

Mulberry Street.

Previously.

Friday Upper- and Outer-borough Blogging

2009-11-13T13:45:06Z

Bloomie's $100 million land grab at Coney Island [Brooklyn Paper]

In Queens cemeteries, with Newtown Pentacle and Scouting NY.

Moon over Harlem [Harlem Hybrid]

City Lore to honor "places that matter" in the Bronx [Bronx Latino]

"We can go to the future known for the ferry and the dump, or we can embrace our legacy as the center of the lighthouse industry": The saga of Staten Island's Lighthouse Museum [silive]

Wonder Wheel photo via Straits Time (h/t Brownstoner)